“Misconduct in public office remains a difficult offence to prove in relation to senior executives or senior political figures, such as Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor” explains public law expert.

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Today, Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor has been arrested and is in custody on suspicion of misconduct in public office. Here, Dr Tom Frost, Senior Law lecturer at Loughborough University and expert in public law, explains the process that will take place to seek a conviction, and the difficulties that could arise.

“The arrest of Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor is an unprecedented event. He is the first senior member of the modern Royal Family to be arrested. The offence he was arrested in relation to – misconduct in public office – is a serious common law crime, triable by jury, with a maximum sentence of life imprisonment.

“This is likely the most serious arrest of a member of the Royal Family since that of King Charles I for treason in January 1649.

“The unprecedented nature of the arrest of the individual, who is eighth in the line of succession to the throne, was underscored by King Charles III’s statement on 19 February 2026 that the police “have our full and wholehearted support and co-operation”.

“The prospect (no matter how remote) of a monarch and Head of State assisting with the investigation of his brother adds to the uniqueness of the situation.

“It should be stated that this is still a very early stage of the investigation. Mountbatten-Windsor’s properties have been searched for relevant evidence, and the arrest means that he will be able to be interviewed under police caution.

“In English law, every individual is presumed innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. An arrest does not necessarily mean an individual will be charged by the Crown Prosecution Service.

“The CPS will assess whether charges should be brought using section four of the Code for Crown Prosecutors. This is known as the ‘Full Code Test’ and should usually be applied only “when all outstanding reasonable lines of inquiry have been pursued” by the police. The Full Code Test has two stages. First, the evidential stage, and second, the public interest test.

“In the evidential stage, the CPS will assess whether there is sufficient evidence to provide a realistic prospect of conviction. If the evidential test is passed, the CPS will then consider whether it is in the public interest to pursue a prosecution. Several factors are taken into consideration, including the seriousness of the offence, whether a prosecution is proportionate and whether any sources of information need protecting.

“Misconduct in public office remains a difficult offence to prove in relation to senior executives or senior political figures. There remains a ‘high threshold’ before criminal proceedings can be brought for this offence.

Spotlight on Corruption have produced research showing junior and mid-level police and prison staff make up 92% of conviction statistics, dating back to 2014.

“The Law Commission proposed replacing the offence in 2020, and there is a Bill before Parliament, the Public Office (Accountability) Bill, which replaces the old common law offence with new offences, including an offence where a public office holder uses their office to obtain a benefit or cause another person to suffer a detriment via a seriously improper act. This new offence should make it easier for senior executives to be held to account for serious financial misconduct in a public office.

"It should be noted that new criminal offences are prospective, meaning that if Andrew Mountbatten-Windsor is charged, it will be under the old common law.”

ENDS

For further comments or interview requests with Dr Tom Frost, please email the Loughborough University PR team or call 01509 222224.

Notes for editors

Press release reference number: 26/41

Loughborough is one of the country’s leading universities, with an international reputation for research that matters, excellence in teaching, strong links with industry, and unrivalled achievement in sport and its underpinning academic disciplines.

It has been awarded five stars in the independent QS Stars university rating scheme and named the best university in the world for sports-related subjects in the 2025 QS World University Rankings – the ninth year running.

Loughborough has been ranked seventh in the Complete University Guide 2026 – out of 130 institutions.

This milestone marks a decade in the top ten for Loughborough – a feat shared only by the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, LSE, St Andrews, Durham and Imperial.

Loughborough was also named University of the Year for Sport in the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2025 - the fourth time it has been awarded the prestigious title.

In the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021 over 90% of its research was rated as ‘world-leading’ or ‘internationally-excellent’. In recognition of its contribution to the sector, Loughborough has been awarded eight Queen Elizabeth Prizes for Higher and Further Education.

The Loughborough University London campus is based on the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and offers postgraduate and executive-level education, as well as research and enterprise opportunities. It is home to influential thought leaders, pioneering researchers and creative innovators who provide students with the highest quality of teaching and the very latest in modern thinking.