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Global review shows the substantial impacts of sport emissions on climate

Researchers from Loughborough University have led a global review of the climate impact of sport emissions.

The paper, published in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, reveals a mixed response to combating climate issues across the sports industry.

It details how some teams, sports, and venues are leading the way in addressing the climate crisis, but also highlights how much remains to be done from grassroots up to elite sports, and national governing bodies.

The systematic analysis involved reviewing literature that made direct reference to the impact of sport on the climate. This covered a 30-year search period (January 1992 to July 2022), spanning the impact of the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games through to preparations for the 2022 Qatar FIFA World Cup.

Due to mega sporting events attracting high-level, international scrutiny, and ad-hoc diplomacy, the authors recognised an emerging geopolitical dimension to debates around sport, climate change and sustainability issues.

The dangers of greenwashing was noted too, in the realm of sport and climate mitigation, with researchers citing examples of high-profile sustainability and carbon accounting prior to major sporting events, but much less on follow-up.

Tensions between climate action and other planetary crises of biodiversity loss and pollution were also mentioned. Examples include the production of fake snow with chemical additives that damage topsoil and plant growth; or switching to artificial turfs to avoid the challenges associated with drought, thereby impact habitats for insects and small animals.

The researchers said that high-profile clubs and athletes now hold unique positions of influence in affecting behaviour change, especially around long-haul travel arrangements and wider sustainability goals.

It was recognised that there is a growing appetite to quantify emissions and prioritise mitigation efforts with some sports organisations praised for implementing imaginative ways of decarbonising sports schedules through smarter logistics.

Lead researcher, Professor Rob Wilby, Professor of Hydroclimatic Modelling, Geography and Environment, Loughborough University said:

“Most attention has been given to emissions associated with elite sporting events and activities such as football, skiing and golf; we know much less about the impact of grass-roots and women’s sport. Smarter logistics for tournaments, improved design and management of facilities, on-site renewable energy and waste reduction, could all reduce the carbon footprint of sport.”

Contributors to the report include Loughborough University colleagues Professor Robert Wilby, Dr Madeleine Orr, Dr Duncan Depledge, Professor Richard Giulianotti, Professor George Havenith, Dr Jamie Kenyon, Dr Stephen Mears, Dr Lee Taylor, and Dr Tom Matthews (King’s College London), and Dr Donal Mullan (Queen’s University Belfast).

Notes for editors

Press release reference number: 22/212

Loughborough is one of the country’s leading universities, with an international reputation for research that matters, excellence in teaching, strong links with industry, and unrivalled achievement in sport and its underpinning academic disciplines.

It has been awarded five stars in the independent QS Stars university rating scheme, named the best university in the world for sports-related subjects in the 2022 QS World University Rankings – the sixth year running – and University of the Year for Sport by The Times and Sunday Times University Guide 2022.

Loughborough is ranked 7th in The UK Complete University Guide 2023, 10th in the Guardian University League Table 2023 and 11th in the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide 2023.

Loughborough is consistently ranked in the top twenty of UK universities in the Times Higher Education’s ‘table of tables’, and in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2021 over 90% of its research was rated as ‘world-leading’ or ‘internationally-excellent’. In recognition of its contribution to the sector, Loughborough has been awarded seven Queen's Anniversary Prizes.

The Loughborough University London campus is based on the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park and offers postgraduate and executive-level education, as well as research and enterprise opportunities. It is home to influential thought leaders, pioneering researchers and creative innovators who provide students with the highest quality of teaching and the very latest in modern thinking.

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